heikel



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

O. HEIKEL.

MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINE;

Patented Nov. 28, 1882 7%.7malZ 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

O. HEIKEL.

MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 268,099. Patented Nov. 28. 1882.

UNITED STATES OTTO HEIKEL, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THENATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POIVER COMPANY, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 268,099, dated November28, 1882.

Application filed November '7, i879.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I. Or'ro HEIKEL, of JerseyCity, in the State ofNew Jersey, have invented an Improvement inMagneto-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

In cases where the cores in a magneto-electric machine are mounted upona revolving disk the helices surrounding such cores have usually beenwound in the same direction, and

lo hence the secondary current set up in the helices, while traveling inone direction in the entire helix, is moving in opposite directions inthe wires where one helixis adjacentto another, so that there is a lossof electric energy.

1 The object of my present invention is to obtain a powerful secondarycurrent in helices that are wound in the same direction, and at the sametime reduce the counteracting force to the minimum amount.

I make use of a circular range of armaturecores; butthese cores, insteadof being cylindrical or flattened and placed with thelongest diametereither radially or as chords to the circle of rotation, as hasheretofore been the 2 5 case, are placed with the longest diameters ofthe cores at an inclination or obliquely to the radial lines. Thisallows the greatest number of cores to be introduced, and at the sametime the helices are wound in the same direction and the opposinginfluence of one helix and core upon the adjacent helix and core isreduced to a minimum.

In thedrawings,Figure1is an elevation',partially in section. Fig. 2 is atransverse section at the line 00 00. Fig. 3 is a diagram of theinclined cores and helix-wires. The other figures are separatelyreferred to hereinafter.

The shaft ctis supported in journal boxes or bearings 12 b. Upon theframes I) b are the field-of-force magnets c c, that face each other.These may be of-any desired number or character. I have, however, shownfour such magnets on each frame, and the cores of these are elongated inthe direction of the rotation of the armature-cores, as in LettersPatent No. 184,377, granted to me November 14, 1876. Upon the shaft tois a disk, (I, with circular ranges of armature-cores e 0 upon oppositesides, as in Letters Patent N 0. 184,37 7 afore- 50 said; but the coresare elongated and are placed at an inclination to the radial line. Thisenables me to introduce a large number of cores,

and to have each core of a larger size than heretofore, so as to obtainthe best resultsfrom the inductive action. 5

The helices i are wound in one direction. The diagram Fig. 3 illustratesthe manner of winding. By the lines thereon and the arrows it will beseen that the currents set up in the helices travel in one direction;but near the curved edges of the armature-cores the cur rent in onehelix is moving in the other direction to the current in the adjacenthelix; but the field of magnetic influence on the curved edges of thearmature-cores is small, and 6g hence the currents have but littleretarding or neutralizing effect the one on the other. The wires of thehelices may be connected and taken oft'in the well-known ways.

The commutator plates or bars 7b are arranged around the shaft (1, andthe springs or brushes 7t bear on such plates.

The helix of each armature-core may be wound complete,then the wiretaken to a commutatorbar, and then to the commencement of 7 the nexthelix, and so on all around the circular range, as in aforesaid patent;and I remark that the helices may be wound with single wires, or two ormore wires may be used, so as to form sections, as in said patent, andthe So circuits can be taken away from the helices through commutatorplates and brushes in any well-known manner; and,ifdesired,the circuitcan be taken ofl' from each helix to an electric light or other articleto be operated by electricity, or the same may be led through the helixof the field-magnets, and the return-circuit may be through one or morecommon conductors, as set forth in my application filed November 14,1878. In the arrangement of 0 the circuits I have made animprovcmentover those heretofore in existence. Instead of connecting onearmature-helix to the next and forming one closed circuit and connectingthe same with commutator-plates and an outgoing circuit returningthrough one or more conductors, I connect the helix of one of thecircular range of armature-cores to the helix of another armature-coreoccupying the same position in relation to the field-of-t'orce magnets,so that in each group thus connected there is a rise and fall in theelectric tension simultaneously. This circuit is connected to thecommutator-bar, so that the current is taken grees apart, are connected,and one end of one helix, 21, is connected with one commutatorhar, 1,and the other end of the other helix, 20, is connected to the nextcommutator-bar, 2, and then from 2 the wire passes to the helix 22 andacross to helix 23, that is ninety degrees distant, and then to thecommutator 3, and so on all around the range of helices. Ther are twentyhelices and ten commutatorbars, and, there being i'our field magnets,there are i'our commutator-springs, placed so as to take off thecurrents at the culminating-points, or points where the, flow of thesecondary or induced current is strongest. By this arrangement thearmature-cores are connected in a complete. metallic circuit; but,instead of one helix being connected to the next, the connections arebetween the helices that are the same distance apart as thefield-ot-force magnets, and hence in the same magnetic field, and therise and fall of electric tension is the same in the helices thusconnected, as they enterand leave the respective magnetic fieldstogether. This mode of grouping and connecting the helices in one closedcircuit is employed at the right side of the disk d, Fig. 1,and withcommutator-springs k and bars it. On the left side of the disk (I, Fig.1, the armature-cores e and their helices correspond to those on theother side of the dish. They are flattened and inclined to the radialline, as seen in Fig.5, and the connections are between the helices thatare the same distance apart (ninety degrees) as the field-magnets. Theconnections from the groups of helices, however, vary slightly. Insteadof having ten commutator-plates, I have two (JOllllilIlttitOI'S,lU and:0, each of which has five plates, and there are four brushes to each.Ten of the armature-helices are connected to the commutator-plates w andthe other ten to the commutator-plates at, and the connections to w arerepresented in the diagram Fig. 5 in full lines and the connections tothe other ten by dotted lines. Starting at a commutator-plate, (20 or50,) the connection passes to one helix say No. b'thence to the helixninety degrees distant, No. 1, and from there to a common conductor. Thewhole of these helices are similarly connected, and the commonconductors are wires leading from the respective lieiices to a ring, 0,upon the shaft a, upon which one or more brushes hear. The circuits passfrom the brushes of the commutators w and 00 to electric lights or otherdevices acted upon by electricity and return to the common conductor 0.

The diagram Fig. 6 illustrates one circuit, the current set up in thearmature-helices passing from the commutator w, by one of the brushes,to an electric light, Z, and returning through the brush and ring 0 tothe other end of the two helices i that are connected. In Fig. 10 I haverepresented twenty-four helices, with the connections of the helicesthat are ninety degrees apart, so as to be adapted to four fieldmagnets.Twelve of these helices are connected to the six plates of onecommutator, and the intermediate helices are to be connected to a secondcommutator. The opposite endsof the helix-wires are to pass to a commonconductor, as aforesaid. 1n the diagram Fig. 11 there are twenty-eighthelices, similarly connected to seven plates in each commutator. In Fig.12 the twenty helices are represented as joined in pairs, and one end ofeach pair of helix-wires passes to a commuta tor-plate, and the otherend is to go to a common conductor, the helices of the pairs beingninety degrees apart, so as to act with four field-magnets.

In order to avoid sparks at the commutator, I introduce a resistance, r,in each circuit. It may be a rheost-at at the ring 0, serving for allthe circuits, or it maybe a resistance in the conductor in the shuntorbranch, as at r, Fig. 6, the same maintaining a metallic route for thecurrent when interrupted at the commutator, so as to prevent a spark. Itthehelices are wound in sections around the armaturecores, the number ofcom mutator-plates will be increased in proportion, and in cases wherethe field -of-t'orce magnets are increased in number the distancebetween the helices that are connected will be varied.

In Fig. 7 the connections are illustrated for four field-magnets, eightarmature-cores, and two helices ou each armature-core. In this instancethe end 5 of each pair of helices pass to the common conductor 0. Fig. 8shows the same number of armature cores and helices and the connectionsto the commutator; but the ends of the pairs of helices are allconnected to the commutator-plates, so as to form a closed circuit allaround between the armature-helices. In Fig. 9 the connections are thesame as those shown in Fig. 5, but the helices are wound upon aring-shaped armature-core instead of separate armature-cores. There arefour field-magnets in this case, and the connections cross betweenhelices that are ninety degrees apart. In the diagram Fig. 13 thecircuit-connections are represented as passing from one pair of helicesto the commutator-blocks of different commutators, thence through thebrush and circuit-Wire to a light, and returning by the brush of theother commutator. Fig. 14 represents the elliptical core of the magnetshown in my Patent No. 184,377, with the addition of a plate across theend, extending at each side of the core and ITO tapering toward one orboth ends, so as to cause the rise and fall of tension to be gradual.

I am aware that two or more helices have been connected together. Wherethese connections are made, as in English Patent No. 4,905 of 1876,there is a lack of uniformity all around in the connections. Inmyimprovement I do not connect the adjacent helices to adjacentcommutator-plates but one or more helices intervene between theconnections to adjacent commutator-plates, so as to admit of coupling upthe helices in one or more pairs in a group all around the circularrange ofhelices, and thereby obtaining perfect uniformity in theconnections that unite the helices in pairs.

I am also aware that a resistance has been placed between theamature-helices and the field-magnet helices to allow for a constantcurrent through the field helices. In myimprovement I do not employ anysuch resistance butI place a resistance in a shunt in the circuits ofthe armature-helices only for lessening the spark at the commutator.

I do not claim a fine metallic wire introduced'between the helicesin amagnetic motor, as the same has been used.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, in'a magneto-electricmachine, of a circular range ofelongated cores and helices placed at aninclination to each other, with the portions of the helices where thewires are bentthe most suddenly adjacent to each other, so that theretarding effects of the currents traveling in opposite directions maybe reduced to a minimum, substantially as specified.

2. In a magneto-electric machine, a circular range of armature-helicesconnected up uniformly in groups in a continuous circuit and tocommutator-plates, the wire from one commutator-plate passing to onehelix, then to the second or more distant helix, and directly back tothe commutator-plate next to the first one, and so on all around thewhole circular range of uniform groups, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, in a magneto-electric machine, of field-of-forcemagnets, armature cores and helices, connections from thearmature-helices to cominutators, and a shunt-circuit containing aresistance and independent of the circuit passing through thecommutators, for the purposes set forth.

4. In a magneto-electric machine,a circular range of armature-helicesconnected up uniformly in pairs, and one wire of each pair of helicesconnected to a commutator-plate and the other wire connected in areturn-circuit, substantially as set forth.

5. An elliptical core for the electro-magnet, with a plate across theend, extending at each side of the core and tapered, substantially asset forth.

Signed by me this 3d day of November, A. D., 1879.

OTTO HEIKEL.

Witnesses \VILLIAM G. Mo'r'r, HAROLD SERRELL.

